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General 4 Years EN Jul 31, 2026
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Bitcoin LTH & STH Cohort Report β€” 2026-07-31

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β›“ Bitcoin On-Chain Analyst Report

Friday, July 31, 2026  |  Analysis Scope: 4 Years  |  charts.bgeometrics.com β†—
BTC Price: $64,827.57 Realized Price: $52,449.96 Dominance: 56.53%
πŸ“‹ TL;DR β€” Plain-Language Summary

Bitcoin is trading around $64,828 β€” roughly 48% below its all-time high of ~$124,800 and stuck in a prolonged sideways-to-down grind that began after the peak in mid-2025. The market is being driven by a split between two types of investors: long-term holders (people who have owned Bitcoin for more than five months β€” LTHs) who are quietly accumulating more coins even while sitting on paper losses, and short-term holders (recent buyers β€” STHs) who are underwater and selling at a loss. The overall "mood" of the market, measured by a Fear & Greed index (a 0–100 score of investor sentiment β€” F&G), sits at just 25 (Fear), meaning most people are nervous. For patient investors, history suggests these fear-driven, accumulation-heavy periods often precede recoveries β€” but the macro backdrop (rising inflation, a cautious central bank) means there is no obvious near-term catalyst to push prices sharply higher.

1. Executive Summary
Overall Market Verdict: Bitcoin is in a late-stage bear / early-recovery consolidation phase β€” Neutral-to-Cautiously Bullish on a 6–12 month horizon, with significant near-term downside risk. Confidence: Medium β€” on-chain accumulation signals are constructive but macro headwinds and weak institutional flows reduce conviction.
  • LTH cohort is driving the narrative: LTHs are net accumulating (+166,884 BTC over 30 days), holding a record-high supply of 16.82M BTC, yet their LTH-SOPR at 0.9051 shows they are realizing losses when they do sell β€” a classic late-bear capitulation signal. STHs are also underwater (STH-MVRV 0.95) but marginally profitable on recent transactions (STH-SOPR 1.0018), suggesting the two cohorts are diverging: LTHs absorb supply while STHs cautiously transact near breakeven.
  • Valuation metrics are historically cheap: MVRV at 1.2348 (20th all-time percentile), NUPL at 0.1901 (Fear zone, 21st all-time percentile), and Reserve Risk at 0.0005 (2nd all-time percentile) all point to deeply undervalued territory relative to history.
  • Institutional flows are near record lows: Bitcoin ETFs recorded just ~$205M in net inflows in July 2026 β€” the smallest monthly total on record β€” with the latest daily reading a net outflow of -859.9 BTC. This is a meaningful headwind.
  • Macro is hostile: Q2 2026 GDP deflator surged 6.3% annualized (worst since Q2 2022), keeping the Fed on hold. DXY at 100.13 is neutral-to-firm; BTC's 30-day correlation to DXY is -0.343 (mild inverse). Inflation re-acceleration is a structural headwind for risk assets.
  • Derivatives are cautiously positioned: Funding rate near zero (+0.0001), short liquidations dominated yesterday ($7.87M vs $1.87M longs), and the global long/short ratio at 1.647 suggests longs are in control but not crowded β€” a squeeze-neutral environment.

We are approximately 57% through the 4-year halving cycle (832 days since the April 2024 halving). Historically, this phase can still see further drawdowns before the next leg up, but the on-chain setup is increasingly constructive for patient accumulators.

πŸ” Custom Focus: LTH vs STH Investor Behavior Over the Past 4 Years

This section provides a dedicated deep-dive into the divergence between Long-Term Holders (LTH) and Short-Term Holders (STH) across the full 4-year window (August 2022 – July 2026), covering four major market phases.

πŸ“‰ Phase 1: Bear Market Bottom (Aug 2022 – Jan 2023)

Both cohorts were deeply underwater. LTH-MVRV fell to 0.828 (Dec 2022) and LTH-NUPL hit -0.218 β€” deep Capitulation territory. STH-MVRV was similarly depressed at 0.807–0.930. NRPL-LTH was consistently negative (e.g., -$149M in Aug 2022, -$137M in Dec 2022), as was NRPL-STH (-$52M to -$76M). LTH supply was rising throughout β€” from 14.86M BTC (Aug 2022) to 15.36M BTC (Nov 2022) β€” meaning long-term holders were accumulating aggressively even at a loss, a classic capitulation-bottom signal. STH supply was falling (4.25M β†’ 3.84M BTC), confirming weak-hand exit.

πŸ“ˆ Phase 2: Recovery & Bull Run (Feb 2023 – Nov 2024)

This phase saw the two cohorts diverge sharply in profitability. LTH-MVRV climbed from 1.086 (Feb 2023) to a peak of 3.884 (Mar 2024) and 3.861 (Dec 2024), placing LTHs in deep Euphoria (NUPL-LTH peaked at 0.7435 in Feb 2025). NRPL-LTH surged to +$934M (Mar 2024) and +$1.69B (Nov 2024) β€” LTHs were realizing massive profits. Meanwhile, STH-MVRV oscillated between 1.02–1.38, rarely exceeding Hope/Optimism zone, and NRPL-STH peaked at +$1.17B (Nov 2024) as new buyers rode the rally. Crucially, LTH supply fell from 16.26M BTC (Dec 2023) to 14.49M BTC (Dec 2024) β€” LTHs were distributing into strength, selling to new STH entrants. STH supply rose from 3.30M to 5.32M BTC over the same period, confirming the supply transfer.

πŸ“‰ Phase 3: Post-Peak Correction (Dec 2024 – Jun 2026)

As BTC fell from ~$117K (Jul 2025) to ~$58K (Jun 2026 low), the cohort dynamics reversed again. LTH-MVRV declined from 3.861 β†’ 1.30 (Jun 2026). LTH-SOPR collapsed from ~2.4 (peak bull) to 0.7957 (Jun 2026) β€” LTHs selling at a loss for the first time since the 2022 bear. NRPL-LTH turned negative in early 2026: -$511M (Feb 2026), -$367M (Jul 2026). STH-NUPL fell to -0.213 (Mar 2026) β€” STHs in Capitulation. NRPL-STH hit a staggering -$4.63B (Feb 2026), the worst realized loss in the dataset, as recent buyers panic-sold. LTH supply began recovering: 14.05M (Dec 2025) β†’ 16.82M BTC (Jul 2026) β€” a +1.77M BTC accumulation in 7 months, the strongest re-accumulation signal in the dataset.

πŸ“Š Current Snapshot (July 2026) β€” The Divergence Signal
MetricLTH ValueLTH ZoneSTH ValueSTH Zone
MVRV1.31Neutral0.95Bearish (below cost)
SOPR0.9051Selling at loss1.0018Marginal profit
NUPL0.2371Hope/Accumulation-0.051Fear/Capitulation
NRPL (USD)-$180.77MNet Loss+$117.20MNet Profit
Supply (BTC)16.82M ↑Accumulating3.25M ↓Declining
30d Net Position Change+166,884 BTCBuying-140,228 BTCSelling/Aging out
Key Insight: The current setup is a textbook late-bear LTH accumulation pattern. LTHs are buying aggressively (+166,884 BTC in 30 days, LTH supply at a 4-year high of 16.82M BTC) even while realizing losses (LTH-SOPR 0.9051, NRPL-LTH -$180.77M). STHs are underwater (MVRV 0.95, NUPL -0.051) but their SOPR is barely above 1.0 and NRPL-STH is positive (+$117.20M), suggesting the most distressed STH selling may be behind us. The divergence β€” LTHs in Hope zone, STHs in Fear/Capitulation β€” is historically a constructive setup that has preceded recoveries in prior cycles (compare to Aug–Dec 2022 and Sep–Oct 2023 setups). However, the 2022 bottom saw LTH-SOPR even lower (~0.43–0.56), suggesting we may not yet be at the absolute trough.
πŸ“ˆ 4-Year LTH vs STH Supply Chart Narrative

The supply data tells a clear story of three distinct phases over 4 years:

  • 2022 Bear: LTH supply rose (14.86M β†’ 15.36M BTC) as HODLers refused to sell; STH supply fell (4.25M β†’ 3.84M BTC) as weak hands exited.
  • 2023–2024 Bull: LTH supply peaked at 16.26M BTC (Dec 2023) then fell sharply to 14.49M BTC (Dec 2024) as LTHs distributed into the rally; STH supply surged to 5.43M BTC (Feb 2025) as new buyers entered.
  • 2025–2026 Bear: LTH supply is now recovering strongly (14.05M β†’ 16.82M BTC, +1.77M BTC in 7 months); STH supply is falling (5.91M β†’ 3.25M BTC). This mirrors the 2022 accumulation pattern almost exactly.

See: NUPL β†— | SOPR β†— | NRPL β†—

3. Market Cycle Position

We are 832 days post-halving (April 2024 halving), approximately 57.1% through the 4-year cycle, with ~626 days to the next halving (~April 2028). Historically, this phase (months 27–30 post-halving) can still see choppy, range-bound price action before the next major bull leg.

MetricCurrent ValueAll-Time PercentileCycle Signal
MVRV β†— 1.2348 20th percentile (range: 0.396–443.98, avg: 2.25) Neutral β€” cheap but not capitulation
MVRV Z-Score β†— 0.3833 29th percentile (range: -0.687–32.96, avg: 1.47) Bullish β€” well below danger zone (>7)
NUPL β†— 0.1901 21st percentile (range: -1.53–1.00, avg: 0.37) Fear zone (0–0.25) β€” historically early recovery
RHODL Ratio 842.61 (1m: 911.90) N/A (contextual) Neutral β€” declining from 2024 peaks
AVIV 0.84 28th percentile (range: 0–3.09, avg: 1.11) Bullish β€” below fair value (1.0)
Reserve Risk β†— 0.0005 2nd percentile (range: 0.0004–1.00, avg: 0.0038) Strongly Bullish β€” extreme HODLer conviction vs price
Cycle Verdict: Multiple valuation metrics (MVRV at 20th percentile, NUPL at 21st, Reserve Risk at 2nd, AVIV at 28th) are in the bottom quartile of all-time readings β€” historically associated with accumulation zones that precede the next bull phase. The 4-year cycle position (57% through) is consistent with a mid-cycle consolidation/correction that resolves higher over a 12–18 month horizon. However, the current price of $64,828 is 45% of the way through its 4-year range ($15,758–$124,824), suggesting we are not at a generational low β€” the 2022 bottom was far more extreme.
4. Macro & Cross-Asset Context
Macro Verdict: Risk-Off / Stagflationary Headwind. Q2 2026 GDP deflator surged 6.3% annualized (worst since Q2 2022) and core GDP inflation hit 4.4% β€” the Fed is trapped. BTC is currently trading with traditional risk assets (high positive correlation to equities) and against the dollar (negative DXY correlation). This is a headwind environment.
Asset / MetricCurrent LevelBTC Correlation (30d / 90d)Signal for BTC
US Dollar Index (DXY) 100.13 -0.343 / -0.353 Neutral β€” DXY near 100, mild inverse correlation (normal)
Gold $377.16 (index) +0.350 / +0.182 (data: Mar 2026) Mild positive β€” BTC partially tracking gold as inflation hedge
S&P 500 741.69 (index) +0.678 / +0.541 (data: Mar 2026) High positive β€” BTC trading as risk asset with equities
Nasdaq 683.55 (index) +0.669 / +0.550 (data: Mar 2026) High positive β€” tech-correlated behavior
TLT (Long-Term Bonds) 82.80 -0.235 / +0.045 (data: Mar 2026) Neutral β€” near-zero 90d correlation; bonds not driving BTC
VIX (Volatility Index) Not in latest data N/A Data unavailable
MSTR / Strategy $97.74 N/A Bearish proxy β€” well off highs, stress in BTC treasury model
Global M2 $121,056.77B YoY change: +5.93% Bullish β€” expanding liquidity historically supportive for BTC

Note on correlation data: BTC-Gold, BTC-SP500, BTC-Nasdaq, and BTC-TLT correlations are dated March 18, 2026 β€” treat as stale (4+ months old). The DXY correlation is current (July 30, 2026) at -0.343 (30d) / -0.353 (90d), confirming the normal inverse BTC-dollar relationship. The high BTC-equity correlations from March 2026 (+0.68 to S&P, +0.67 to Nasdaq) suggest BTC was trading as a risk asset β€” this likely remains directionally true given the current macro environment, but the exact numbers should be treated with caution.

Global M2 at $121.06T (+5.93% YoY) is a medium-term tailwind β€” historically, BTC price tends to lag M2 expansion by 3–6 months. However, the inflationary nature of this expansion (GDP deflator +6.3% Q2 2026) complicates the picture: the Fed cannot easily cut rates to add further stimulus, limiting the liquidity impulse. See: Global M2 β†—

Stablecoin supply (USDT: $183.9B, USDC: $72.1B, total ~$260B+) represents significant dry powder that could re-enter crypto markets. This is a latent bullish catalyst if sentiment shifts.

5. On-Chain Signals Table
MetricValueHistorical ContextSignal
MVRV β†— 1.2348 20th all-time percentile. 4yr range: 0.756–2.776, avg 1.716. Tops historically at 3.5–4.0+; bottoms near 0.75–0.85. Currently 24% of 4yr range. Bullish
NUPL β†— 0.1901 21st all-time percentile. Fear zone (0–0.25). Euphoria >0.75; Capitulation <0. 4yr avg: 0.356. Currently 53% of 4yr range. Neutral
SOPR β†— 0.9991 31st all-time percentile. Below 1.0 = coins sold at a loss on average. 4yr avg: 1.006. Currently 39% of 4yr range (0.871–1.199). Neutral
Reserve Risk β†— 0.0005 2nd all-time percentile β€” near all-time low. Buy zone: <0.002. Sell zone: >0.02. Extremely low risk relative to HODLer conviction. Bullish
VDD Multiple 0.4939 26th all-time percentile. Range: 0.069–4.46, avg: 1.06. Below 1.0 = low coin-days destroyed; HODLing behavior dominant. Bullish
Fear & Greed β†— 25 β€” Fear 22nd percentile of 4yr range (5–94, avg 47.5). Fear zone (25–49). Extreme Fear <25. Contrarian buy signal historically. Bullish (contrarian)
CDD-90dma β†— 8.19M Low relative to bull-market peaks. Low CDD = HODLing behavior; old coins not moving. Consistent with accumulation phase. Bullish
NRPL (USD) β†— -$63.57M 35th percentile of 4yr range (-$5.14B to +$9.16B, avg +$382M). Negative = net losses being realized. Not extreme capitulation (4yr low was -$5.14B). Neutral

Overall on-chain signal: 5 Bullish 3 Neutral 0 Bearish β€” constructive accumulation setup.

6. Derivatives & Options Positioning

Note: open-interest-1h data was unavailable β€” open interest trend analysis is based on the cross-exchange snapshot only. Confidence on OI trend is reduced accordingly.

Futures Positioning
MetricValueInterpretation
Funding Rate β†— +0.0001 (mark: $63,912) Near-zero positive β€” longs marginally dominant but not crowded. No squeeze risk from funding alone. Neutral-Bullish
Open Interest (Total) β†— ~$29.3B (Binance $9.24B + Bybit $4.04B + OKX $2.64B + Bitget $2.63B + Deribit $1.46B + Gate.io $3.94B + KuCoin $1.64B + Huobi $2.16B + others) Significant absolute OI. Trend unavailable (1h data missing). High OI with near-zero funding = balanced market. Neutral
Global Long/Short Ratio 1.6469 (Longs: 62.22% / Shorts: 37.78%) Longs outnumber shorts ~1.65:1. Not extreme (danger zone typically >2.0). Moderate long bias. Neutral
Top Trader Long/Short (Position) 0.6151 long ratio Top traders are 61.5% long β€” consistent with global ratio. Smart money not heavily skewed. Neutral
Taker Buy/Sell Ratio 1.0061 (Buy: 2,635.5 / Sell: 2,619.5 BTC) Marginally more aggressive buying than selling in spot/perp markets. Slight bullish tilt. Neutral-Bullish
Liquidations (July 30) Total: $9.74M | Longs: $1.87M | Shorts: $7.87M Short liquidations dominated 4:1 β€” recent price uptick squeezed shorts. Suggests short-side was overcrowded. Bullish (short squeeze)
Options Positioning
MetricValueInterpretation
Skew Index 56.763 (Skew Risk Score: 77.19) Elevated skew risk score (77/100) β€” options market pricing significant downside risk. Put demand elevated. Bearish
On-Chain Risk Index 50.07 (Moderate zone) Composite risk in moderate territory β€” not extreme fear or greed. Neutral
STH Risk Index 48.56 STH-specific risk near midpoint β€” STH behavior not yet signaling capitulation extreme. Neutral
Macro Risk Index 24.45 Low macro risk score β€” on-chain macro signals are constructive despite external headwinds. Bullish
Derivatives Summary: The positioning picture is cautiously balanced. Near-zero funding, a 1.65 long/short ratio (not extreme), and a taker buy/sell ratio just above 1.0 suggest the market is not crowded in either direction. The dominant short liquidations on July 30 ($7.87M vs $1.87M longs) indicate a recent short squeeze β€” this is a near-term bullish signal but not a structural one. The elevated options skew risk score (77.19) from VanEck's ChainCheck (put/call IV skew +11.4pp) is a caution flag β€” the options market is pricing more downside than upside. Per VanEck, perp funding at +4.5% and put/call skew at these levels have historically preceded below-average returns. Short-term squeeze risk is moderate; medium-term options market is defensive.
7. Institutional Flows
ETF Flows
MetricValueContext
Daily ETF Flow β†— -859.9 BTC (July 28) Net outflow β€” institutional selling on the latest available day
Total ETF Holdings β†— 563,936 BTC (July 28) Significant absolute holdings but flow trend is deteriorating
July 2026 Monthly Inflows ~$205M (per CoinDesk) Lowest monthly ETF inflow on record β€” anemic institutional demand
Prior months May: -$2.43B | June: -$4.52B Heavy outflows in prior two months; July is a recovery but barely

Per-issuer ETF holdings breakdown (IBIT vs FBTC vs GBTC) is not available in the current data snapshot β€” we cannot attribute flows to specific issuers at this time.

Coinbase Premium

Coinbase Premium Index β†—: +0.6898% (Coinbase: $65,226.86 vs Binance: $64,780.02). A positive Coinbase premium indicates US institutional/spot demand is leading price β€” this is a mild bullish signal for institutional demand, contrasting with the weak ETF flow data. It suggests some US buyers are active in spot markets even as ETF flows remain weak.

Corporate Treasuries

Strategy (MSTR) stock at $97.74 β€” significantly off its highs. The CheckOnChain Orange Monthly (July 2026) notes "a significant break-down in Strategy's preferred and common stock prices" and describes the current environment as "late stage bear" dynamics. Smarter Web Company sold 178 BTC (~$11.7M) to repay a convertible instrument, with the CEO stating convertibles are "not currently the right capital solution" β€” a signal of stress in the BTC treasury model at current prices.

Institutional Flow Verdict: Distributing / Weak β€” ETF flows at record monthly lows, recent daily outflow, MSTR under pressure. The positive Coinbase premium is a lone bright spot. Institutions are not yet re-accumulating at scale.
8. Mining & Network Health
MetricValueContext & Signal
Hashrate β†— 935.17M TH/s 68th percentile of 4yr range (156M–1.31B, avg 652M). +399.5% over 4 years. Network security at near-record levels. Hash Ribbons signal: Down (bearish short-term miner signal). Neutral
Puell Multiple β†— 0.7911 Below 1.0 β€” miners are earning below their annual average. Historical buy zone: <0.5. Not at extreme lows but constructive. VanEck notes hash price at ~$30.6/PH/s/day, compressing daily revenue to $28.5M β€” lower-efficiency rigs at/below breakeven. Bullish
Miner Balances 726,337.87 BTC (data: Oct 2025 β€” STALE) This data point is 9 months old β€” treat with caution. Cannot reliably assess current miner selling pressure from this figure. Data Stale
Bitcoin Macro Score 2/4 signals positive sigSupplyProfit=1 (bullish), sigLthNetPos=1 (bullish), sigHashRibbons=0 (bearish), sigCostBasis2yr=0 (price below 2yr cost basis of $85,763). Mixed. Neutral
2yr Cost Basis $85,763 Current price ($64,828) is 24.4% below the 2-year cost basis β€” a significant underwater position for 2-year holders. Bearish signal for this cohort. Bearish

Mining Summary: The Puell Multiple at 0.7911 signals miner revenue stress β€” historically a medium-term bullish signal as unprofitable miners capitulate and selling pressure eventually abates. The Hash Ribbons "Down" signal is a short-term caution flag (typically precedes a recovery signal when ribbons cross back up). Miner balance data is stale (Oct 2025) and cannot be relied upon for current selling pressure assessment β€” this lowers confidence in the mining section.

9. Holder Behavior β€” LTH vs STH Deep Dive
NUPL Zone Assessment
Overall NUPL
0.1901
Fear Zone (0–0.25)
21st all-time percentile
LTH-NUPL
0.2371
Hope/Accumulation (0.25–0.5)
LTHs in mild unrealized profit
STH-NUPL
-0.051
Fear/Capitulation (<0)
STHs in net unrealized loss
LTH Behavior
  • LTH-MVRV: 1.31 β€” LTHs hold coins at 31% above their aggregate cost basis. Neutral zone (historical peaks: 3.5–3.9 in 2024–2025). Declining from peak of 3.884 (Mar 2024).
  • LTH-SOPR: 0.9051 β€” When LTHs do sell, they are